百思不得姐
美国大火缺水，“幕后黑手”是富豪夫妻？_我的网站
一 | ·雷斯尼克家族掌门人斯图尔特·雷斯尼克（左）和妻子琳达。加州大火肆虐，雷斯尼克家族被推上风口浪尖。
"Building an ecological civilization concerns the well-being of the people and the future of the nation."
Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, once pointed out: "Respecting, adapting to, and protecting nature is essential for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects."
In the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) for national economic and social development, securing major breakthroughs in strategic tasks of overall importance to Chinese modernization and making major new progress in the Beautiful China Initiative are key objectives.
The Global Times is launching a series of articles titled "BeautifulChinaING." From the perspectives of the beauty of nature, the beauty of systems and the beauty of lifestyles, the series uses both Chinese and international cases as entry points. Through field reporting and video storytelling, it explores how green development has become a defining feature of Chinese modernization while showcasing China's role as a responsible major country providing global public goods.
In this installment, we turn our focus to China's Ecological and Environmental Code and the changes it may bring to everyday life. From neighborhood noise and restaurant fumes to ecological conservation and green development, this article examines how the code brings scattered environmental rules into a unified framework, strengthens public participation and turns the vision of a Beautiful China into concrete rules for environmental governance.
A power drill starts in a neighboring apartment just as someone is trying to sleep. Cooking fumes from the restaurant downstairs drift through an open window. A modified car roars past a residential compound, while a food delivery arrives wrapped in layers of plastic. According to China's new Ecological and Environmental Code, these seemingly minor, everyday frictions - closely tied to how people live, sleep, cook, commute and consume - are precisely where environmental governance begins.
The code will take effect on Saturday. Spanning 1,242 articles across five books, it is China's second law to be formally titled a "code," following the Civil Code. It brings pollution control, ecological conservation and green and low-carbon development under one legal framework, while incorporating 10 existing laws.
Speaking at a press conference held on Thursday, Minister of Ecology and Environment Li Gao said that the Ecological and Environmental Code is of major and far-reaching significance for safeguarding the public's ecological and environmental rights and interests in accordance with the law, consolidating the legal foundation for building a Beautiful China, and accelerating modernization characterized by harmony between humanity and nature.
As China puts the vast environmental code into force, a practical question arises: How will it make daily life quieter, cleaner and easier to navigate - and turn the vision of a Beautiful China into rules that people can see, use and help enforce?
From doorsteps to ecosystems
In Mengla county, Southwest China's Yunnan Province, elephant ranger Li Shengqian once walked through a large area of flattened cornfields. While local rangers were attending training, more than 40 wild Asian elephants descended from the mountains, ate the ripe sweet corn, rolled in a mineral-rich pond and then retreated into the forest to sleep.
A local forestry official told the Global Times that an insurance company would assess the damage and compensate the villagers.
Yunnan has gradually turned such compensation from an improvised response into an institutional arrangement. Under its wildlife-damage public liability insurance system, governments pay the premiums, affected farmers do not contribute, and insurers assess and compensate their losses.
By August 2024, Xishuangbanna had invested 225 million yuan ($33.3 million) in the scheme and paid 215 million yuan in compensation for wildlife damage, including 188 million yuan for losses caused by Asian elephants.
The code gives such practices a clearer legal foundation. Article 828 requires local governments in areas seriously affected by wildlife damage to combine compensation with preventive measures, including protective barriers, warning signs and monitoring and early-warning systems. It also stipulates compensation for deaths, injuries and losses to crops or other property resulting from the protection of specified wildlife. In this way, the cost of conservation is not left solely to those living closest to protected animals.
For environmental volunteers, the change may be felt in a different way. Yun Jianli founded the Green Hanjiang environmental group in Central China's Hubei Province in 2002 and has spent more than two decades investigating pollution along the Hanjiang River.
Yun said volunteers previously often had difficulty dealing with legal matters. "When dealing with some environmental issues, we often had to search across different laws to find a legal basis," she told the Global Times. "The new code integrates these systems, providing clearer and more authoritative legal support for environmental actions."
That support extends beyond a general recognition of participation. The code requires public consultations in environmental planning, standard-setting and impact assessments; mandates accessible reporting channels and feedback for real-name reports; and prohibits employers from retaliating against workers who report pollution by their own organizations.
For volunteers such as Yun, public participation is therefore no longer only an appeal to civic responsibility. It is positioned as a legally protected part of environmental governance.
After Saturday, the code's practical effect will be tested in equally concrete ways.
From blueprint to reality
Turning this wide breadth of laws into a single code requires more than collecting existing statutes. Lawmakers first had to decide which rules should be fully integrated, which specialized laws should remain in place and where new legal foundations were needed.
Compilation formally began on November 3, 2023. A leadership group coordinated major issues, a drafting task force handled the text, and an expert committee provided specialist input. The draft was reviewed twice as a whole and twice in separate books before it was adopted on March 12, 2026, completing a process of nearly two and a half years.
The approach was described as "moderate codification." Huang Wei, a deputy director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee and coordinator of the drafting task force, told the People's Daily that the aim was not to absorb every environmental law into one volume. Instead, different groups of laws were treated differently.
Ten laws covering environmental protection, environmental impact assessment, cleaner production and major forms of pollution control were revised and incorporated in full, and will no longer remain as separate statutes once the code takes effect. Core provisions from more than 20 other laws involving forests, grasslands, major river basins, national parks, energy and resource conservation were included while those laws were retained. For newer fields such as climate governance and the carbon-peaking and carbon-neutrality goals, the code establishes guiding principles while leaving room for more detailed legislation.
The code was also shaped outside meeting rooms in Beijing. In May 2025, Chinese and international students at a vocational university in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality discussed the draft, with their suggestions sent to the national legislature through a grassroots legislative contact point, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
Ma Jun, director of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, also took part in seminars organized by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee and other departments during the code's drafting. His organization later submitted detailed proposals when the draft was released for public comment, he told the Global Times.
"The open legislative process was significant in itself, as it prompted broad public discussion of decades of environmental legislation and the major issues of our time," Ma said. "It has enabled the code to engage with cutting-edge international legislative theories while remaining grounded in the practical challenges China faces," Ma said.
During the four rounds of public consultation, more than 7,000 people participated and submitted over 20,000 comments. The drafting team conducted research in more than 30 localities and held 17 seminars in Beijing with national legislators, government departments, companies, social organizations and scholars, the People's Daily reported.
Suggestions from the public and grassroots contact points helped shape rules on emerging pollutants, urban greening, climate governance and legal liability. Following deliberations at the final NPC session, more than 200 additional changes were made, including over 100 substantive revisions, Xinhua reported.
Passing the code, however, did not automatically align the many rules beneath it. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment said it was reviewing more than 500 related documents, including over 30 administrative regulations, more than 80 departmental rules and over 400 normative documents. Provisions that conflict with, fail to connect with or no longer fit the code will be revised or repealed, while supporting rules and technical standards are being updated.
Innovative tools have also been used in preparation for the code's implementation. An AI-assisted system has been developed to address the difficulties and high costs involved in assessing ecological and environmental damage. The system has been piloted free of charge in 28 provincial-level regions and applied in more than 300 cases, reducing average assessment time by over 80 percent, according to the ministry.
Wider legal practice
Environmental codification is not unique to China. Sweden adopted its Environmental Code in 1998 and brought together rules previously contained in 15 acts. It then entered into force on January 1, 1999. France issued the legislative part of its Environmental Code in September 2000. Germany also attempted to establish a unified environmental code, but the project stalled in 2009.
In terms of the Ecological and Environmental Code of China, an article published in the international journal Carbon Research described it as a systemic response to the interconnected crises of pollution, biodiversity loss and climate change, while also identifying incomplete supporting rules, uneven legal coordination and limited public awareness as implementation challenges.
An editorial by the People's Daily published on Thursday noted that the enactment of the Ecological and Environmental Code signifies a major transformation in China from a participant to a leader in global environmental governance, providing a legislative model that can be studied by countries around the world, especially developing countries.
Lu Weifu, a researcher at the University of Science and Technology of China, wrote in an article published by China Environment News that the code's distinctive feature lies in combining systematic integration with an open structure. Unlike environmental codes primarily shaped around conventional pollution control, China's code places pollution prevention, ecological conservation and green and low-carbon development within the same framework. Its separate book on green and low-carbon development also brings climate change and economic transformation into the core structure of environmental law.
Ma said that conventional air-pollution control and climate governance had long operated in relatively separate legal systems. By connecting the control of conventional pollutants with reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions, he said, the code could support more coordinated regulation and reduce duplicated systems and administrative work.
The larger shift is from dealing with environmental harm only after it occurs to addressing how energy, industry and consumption generate that harm in the first place, he said.
That is where this wide-ranging legal experiment returns to the scale at which environmental protection is ultimately felt - the life outside a person's window.
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二 | 作者：王喆宁美国加州大火肆虐已持续一周多。
三 | 这场大火从加利福尼亚州南部的洛杉矶一路烧至好莱坞，众多豪宅化为灰烬。整座城市浓烟弥漫，火光冲天。目前，总过火面积已超过164平方公里。洛杉矶一位留学生向环球人物记者表示，发生山火头两天，飓风来袭，很多区域大面积停电，到了第三四天时，周围的空气质量已经非常恶劣，空中能看到飘着的烟灰，超市也很难买到纯净水了，学校已经暂停线下课。在危急时刻，当地消防栓却频繁缺水，引发民众的强烈不满。据英国《每日邮报》报道，有美国网民翻出了一份报道，将当地缺水的原因指向一家生产开心果的企业——万德福公司（The Wonderful Company）。·万德福公司旗下产品。这家企业在美国十分出名，曾入选福布斯“2021年美国最大的私营企业”排行榜，由雷斯尼克家族掌管，其财富高达130亿美元。
四 | 更令人震惊的是，加州的水资源竟然被他们“垄断”......引发众怒万德福公司是美国最大的食品集团之一，旗下产品包括斐济水、石榴汁、万德福开心果、杏仁和橘类水果等。掌门人斯图尔特·雷斯尼克和妻子琳达通过投资控股众多农业企业，拥有约749平方公里土地。此前，雷斯尼克家族因为捐款在当地赫赫有名。他们向加州中部山谷的学术机构、气候变化倡议、文化组织和项目捐赠19亿美元，甚至洛杉矶县艺术博物馆的整个展馆都以他们的名字命名。
五 | · 雷斯尼克（左）和妻子琳达。这次之所以触犯众怒，是因为不少网友发现，雷斯尼克家族在加州常年消耗着大量水资源。因大规模种植经济作物，万德福公司每年用水量高达约6819亿升。这几乎等同于洛杉矶全市居民用水量的92%。
六 | 此外，该公司持有加州位于圣华金谷、储存约3546亿升水的最大水库——科恩水库57%的股份。
七 | 上世纪90年代，加州花了纳税人几亿美元兴建水利基础设施，开挖水渠水道，利用盆地储水，最终才形成科恩水库。·科恩水库。然而，2016年的一项调查显示，雷斯尼克家族农业企业的业务正是通过控制科恩水库、操纵加州复杂水资源规则的幕后政治以及与政客搞好关系建立起来的。据报道，雷斯尼克家族先是以低价购买了圣华金谷克恩县及其周边地区上百万平方公里的果园，紧接着获得了科恩水库的多数股权，从而能够使用水库中的水资源灌溉农田。这被批评人士指责为“从本应供公众使用的资源中获利”。该调查还称，多年来该家族向4任加州州长都进行过6位数捐款，2021年还为阻止加州州长加文·纽森下台的活动捐赠了25万美元。这些都能证明该家族“拉拢政客和控制稀缺宝贵资源”。·加文·纽森。针对滥用水资源等指控，万德福公司发言人曾辩护称，“任何个人或公司，更不用说我们了，拥有或控制加州大部分水资源的说法都是毫无根据的”。
八 | 该公司证实其拥有科恩水库57%的股份，并表示这不属于该州的水资源。该水库由多个实体所有，为数百名需要水来种植粮食和饲养牲畜的家庭农民和牧场主提供服务。“我们只使用全州不到1%的水，而我们与农民和牧场主共同生产了全国四分之一的粮食。”万德福回应道。万德福指出：“正确的问题不是针对某个行业或某个公司，而是政府本可以采取哪些不同的措施，并承认气候变化的挑战，不能把时间浪费在极端阴谋论者的仇恨言论和怪异主张上。”但很显然，万德福的“辩解”并未得到民众认同。环球人物记者发现，已经有不少网友在万德福公司的社交账号下表达了不满。有网友评论道：“你们是亿万富翁，正在用光加州所有的水，也许应该站出来捐献和帮助火灾的受害者，而不是还在那里种石榴树。”还有网友质问：“你们是如何以牺牲加州纳税人为代价，获得加州大部分供水所有权的？”·不少网友表达了对万德福公司的不满。诸多问题浮出水面随着网友的深扒，很多隐藏在大火背后的问题浮出水面。雷斯尼克家族为啥能获得大部分科恩水库的股份，以此来操纵利用水资源？事实上，这离不开当地的水资源制度。
九 | 原先，科恩水库是洛杉矶和其他城市的干旱备用水源。1994年，“蒙特雷修正案”出台，将该水库私人化。
十 | 作为水库最大股东，雷斯尼克家族拥有了水库中水资源的使用权。
十一 | 在加州，用水权被分成了初级权限和高级权限。在干旱时期，拥有高级权限的人，即可优先使用水资源。·雷斯尼克家族的灌溉系统。雷斯尼克家族因拥有大片农田，便以灌溉为由，获得水源的优先使用权。
十二 | 他们手中的土地合同还允许他们低价购买加州的运河水后，再卖回给加州政府。事实上，加州本身水资源紧缺，近10年气候干旱，加上大风，这些年经常发生山火。同时，加州由于人口数量庞大，农业密集，用水需求量大，地下水常年遭到无节制的开采，已经成为美国地下水资源损耗最严重的州。在2000年至2007年间，雷斯尼克家族不仅大量消耗科恩水库的水源，还曾在干旱时期买断用水权后，再以7倍的高价出售水资源给那些只有初级权限的人。这次山火来袭后，消防人员在第一时间赶去灭火，但消防栓内的水很快枯竭。·加州消防员接受采访。（图源：央视新闻）据洛杉矶市水务局局长贾尼斯·奎诺基斯表示，在火灾发生初期的7小时内，用于为该地区消防栓供水的3个储量高达十几万吨的水箱就被抽干了。加州大学洛杉矶分校研究水资源和城市规划的研究员格雷格·皮尔斯表达了对供水系统的担忧，“这些系统是为城市火灾设计的，而不是为快速移动的野火设计的”。他表示，重新设计供水系统以使消防员能够应对大面积的野火，也需要巨额资金。
十三 | ·加州大火。因为种种原因，灭火行动难以顺利开展。大片房屋被烧毁，十几万人被迫撤离，更让“消防栓里为什么没水”的质问振聋发聩。实际上，雷斯尼克家族“垄断”水源早有先例，这也使深陷山火中的美国民众更加气愤。一位当地居民愤怒地表示：“我们的房子被山火烧毁了，而雷斯尼克家族却在用我们的水浇灌他们的果园。
十四 | ”“最富有的农民”雷斯尼克家族并非一开始就涉足农业。
十五 | 斯图尔特·雷斯尼克生于1936年，父亲3岁时就跟随祖父从乌克兰移民到美国新泽西州。上世纪50年代，雷斯尼克随家人移居加州。
十六 | 1959年，他毕业于加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校，获得理学学士学位。后来，他转入法学专业，并获得法学博士学位。在加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校法学院就读期间，他创办了自己的第一家公司，专做清洁服务，并于1969年将其出售。雷斯尼克的妻子琳达在费城长大，高中毕业后随全家搬到加州。19岁时，琳达就创立了一家广告公司。两人结为夫妻后，一直致力于商业投资。·斯图尔特·雷斯尼克（左）和妻子琳达。早在1979年，夫妻二人拿着卖第一家公司的钱成立了一家控股公司，并通过一系列并购，在加州中部及其他地区拥有了多家企业。从那时起，他们开始在加州大规模收购土地，低价兼并大量农场主的土地来种植开心果和杏仁。1986年，雷斯尼克夫妇又收购了以制作模型车、纪念盘、小雕像而闻名的富兰克林铸币公司。
十七 | 雷斯尼克一直担任该公司的首席执行官兼董事长，直到2006年将该公司出售。
十八 | 紧接着，他们创立了销售“双球”瓶装石榴汁的公司。为了生产这种果汁，他们在加州种植了大片石榴，几乎使当时全国的石榴产量增加了4倍。·斯图尔特·雷斯尼克（左）和妻子琳达。2004年，他们收购了斐济水公司。4年内，斐济水的销售额就增长了300%，成为美国最大的进口瓶装水品牌。2013年，雷斯尼克夫妇推出了柑橘品牌，在圣华金谷投资2.2亿美元建造了一座工厂，每天可加工1900万个柑橘。
十九 | 两年后，他们将控股公司更名为万德福公司。彼时，万德福已经拥有庞大的“农业帝国”，坐拥农田近800平方公里，旗下的派拉蒙农场已经成为世界上最大的开心果和杏仁垂直一体化供应商。雷斯尼克夫妇也被称为“最富有的农民”。·万德福公司的农场。据统计，派拉蒙农场仅在2015年就新开了21个钻井抽取地下水。即使在加州的干旱时期，其开心果产量依旧与日俱增。虽然目前官方并未说明消防设施没水的具体原因，但水资源被富豪“垄断”的弊端已然显露。监 制：张 培编 审：苏 睿（文章未经授权不得转载，转载请加微信“HQRW2H”了解细则。欢迎大家投稿和提供新闻线索，可发至邮箱[email protected]。
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